Erucic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), is isolated from the seed of Raphanus sativus L. Erucic acid can readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it has been reported to normalize the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in the brain. Erucic acid can improve cognitive impairment and be effective against dementia ^[1]. In Vivo: Erucic acid (oral administration; 3 mg/kg) enhances the phosphorylation level of PI3K, PKCζ, ERK, CREB and Akt in the hippocampus compared with that in the vehicle-treated control group^[1].