Hypophyllanthin is a major lignan in Phyllanthus spp, with strong anti-inflammatory activity. Hypophyllanthin directly inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and did not interfere with multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) activity^[1][2]. IC50 & Target: P-gp^[2] In Vitro: Hypophyllanthin down-regulates COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β gene expressions in U937 macrophages by interfering with the activation of NF-κB, MAPKs, and Akt^[1].