Pectolinarin, isolated from Cirsium chanroenicum, possesses anti-inflammatory activity^[1]. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin suppresses cell proliferation and inflammatory response and induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway^[2]. In Vitro: Pectolinarin increases Bax level, and decreases Bcl-2 level in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). Pectolinarin inactivates the PI3K/Akt pathway in RA-FLSs^[2].