Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II with an IC₅₀ of 2.67 μM, thus stopping DNA replication. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin induces apoptosis and autophagy^[1][2]. Doxorubicin inhibits human DNA topoisomerase I with an IC₅₀ of 0.8 μM^[3]. IC50 & Target: Topoisomerase II^[1] In Vitro: Combination of Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) and Simvastatin in the highest tested concentrations (2 μM and 10 μM, respec-tively) kills 97% of the Hela cells^[4]. In Vivo: Mice bearing PC3 xenografts are injected with 2, 4 or 8 mg/kg Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) and tumor volume is measured over time. A dose of 2 mg/kg does not affect tumor growth while higher dosages delay tumor growth initially (p<0.05 at days 18 and 22), 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg Doxorubicin significantly reduces levels of c-FLIP in PC3 xenografts^[5]. A single intraperitoneal injection 10 mg/kg (Doxorubicin 1) is administered in rats, 10 daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg (Doxorubicin 2), or in 5 weekly intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg/kg (Doxorubicin 3). An 80% mortality rate is observed at day 28 in Doxorubicin 1, whereas Doxorubicin 2 and Doxorubicin 3 reached 80% mortality at days 107 and 98, respectively. Fractional shortening decreased by 30% at week 2 in Doxorubicin DOX1, 55% at week 13 in Doxorubicin 2, and 42% at week 13 in Doxorubicin 3^[6].