Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) has antineoplastic properties^[1]. IC50 & Target: ROS^[1]
DNA topoisomerase^[1] In Vitro: Berberine (1.25-160 μM; 72 hours) has potential inhibitory effects on the proliferation of four colorectal carcinoma cell lines LoVo, HCT116, SW480, and HT-29^[1].
Berberine (1.25-160 μM; 24-72 hours) induces a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of LoVo cell growth^[1].
LoVo cells are exposure to Berberine (10-80 μM) for 24 h. Cell cycle analysis of 40 μM Berberine-treated LoVo cells by flow cytometry shows accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase^[1].
Berberine (10-80 μM) suppresses cyclin B1, cdc2 and cdc25c protein expression after 24 h, especially at the dose of 80.0 μM^[1]. In Vivo: Berberine (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day; gastrointestinal gavage; for 10 consecutive days) inhibits the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma in vivo. Berberine at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg/day taken by gastrointestinal gavage shows inhibitory rates of 33.1% and 45.3% on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenograft growth in nude mice^[1].