Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM. IC50 & Target: IC50: 1.4 uM (COX-1)^[1] In Vitro: Catechin ((+)-Catechin) exhibits >95% inhibitory activity at 70 μg/mL against cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM^[1].
A dose-dependent reduction in color is observed after 24 hours of treatment with Catechin, and 54.76% of the cells are dead at the highest concentration of Catechin tested (160 μg/mL) whereas the IC₅₀ of Catechin is achieved at 127.62 μg/mL Catechin. A dose- and time-dependent increase in the induction of apoptosis is observed when MCF-7 cells are treated with Catechin. When compare to the control cells at 24 hours, 40.7 and 41.16% of the cells treated with 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL Catechin, respectively, undergo apoptosis. The expression levels of Caspase-3, -8, and -9 and p53 in MCF-7 cells treated with 150 μg/mL Catechin for 24 h increase by 5.81, 1.42, 3.29, and 2.68 fold, respectively, as compare to the levels in untreated control cells^[2]. In Vivo: Animals treated with Catechin ((+)-Catechin) at the lowest tested dose, i.e., 50 mg/kg, p.o. have spent comparatively more time in exploring the novel object in the choice trial, however, the difference is not statistically significant. Catechin prevents the time-induced episodic memory deficits in a dose-dependent manner, the most effective being 200 mg/kg, p.o.. Treatment with Catechin prevents the rise in MPO level compare to DOX alone treatment group (21.98±9.44 and 36.76±4.39% in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex respectively)^[3].