Thiamethoxam is a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide^[1][2]. In Vitro: The mean half-life of thiamethoxam among the different treatments was 3.7 days in the water column with concentrations of <0.8 μg/L in the majority of mesocosms by 56 days ^[1].
In Vivo: Thiamethoxam impairs honey bee visual learning, alters decision times, and increases abnormal behaviors^[2].