(±)-Epibatidine is a nicotinic agonist. (±)-Epibatidine is a neuronal nAChR agonist. IC50 & Target: nAChR^[1] In Vitro: Intracerebroventricular injection of (±)-Epibatidine (0.1 μg) significantly increases intercontraction interval (ICI) but does not change pressure threshold (PT) or maximal voiding pressure (MVP), whereas 1 μg of (±)-Epibatidine increases PT and MVP (P<0.05) and decreased ICI. A low intravenous dose of (±)-Epibatidine (0.001-0.1 μg) has no effect; however, a large dose of (±)-Epibatidine (1 μg) significantly decreases ICI and increases MVP (P<0.05) but does not change PT (P>0.05). (±)-Epibatidine has not only a potent stimulatory effect on nAChR subtypes in the brain (α4β2) but also in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia (α3β4) and at the neuromuscular junction (α1β1γδ) ^[1].