Tormentic acid, a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, exerts anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties^[1][2]. In Vitro: Tormentic acid inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α expression through inactivation of the nuclear factor-κb pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages^[1].
Tormentic acid suppresses high-fat diet-induced diabetes and hyperlipidemia by glucose transporter 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation^[2].