Bindarit (AF2838) is a selective inhibitor of the monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7, and MCP-2/CCL8, and no effect on other CC and CXC chemokines such as MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MIP-3/CCL23. Bindarit also has anti-inflammatory activity^[1]. IC50 & Target: MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7, and MCP-2/CCL8^[1] In Vitro: Bindarit (10-300 μM; 48 hours) at 100 µM and 300 µM significantly inhibits platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced rat VSMCs proliferation by 27% and 42%, respectively^[1]. In Vivo: Bindarit (50 mg/kg; oral administration; every day; for 4 months, 6 months, 8 months; NZB/W F1 female mice) delays the onset of proteinuria and significantly protects from renal function impairment. Bindarit completely prevents monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) up-regulation^[2].